European Parliament Report
In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and
healthcare has been praised for the great promise it offers, but has
also been at the centre of heated controversy. This study offers an
overview of how AI can benefit future healthcare, in particular
increasing the efficiency of clinicians, improving medical diagnosis
and treatment, and optimising the allocation of human and
technical resources.
The report identifies and clarifies the main clinical, social and ethical
risks posed by AI in healthcare, more specifically: potential errors and
patient harm; risk of bias and increased health inequalities; lack of
transparency and trust; and vulnerability to hacking and data privacy
breaches.
The study proposes mitigation measures and policy options to
minimise these risks and maximise the benefits of medical AI,
including multi-stakeholder engagement through the AI production
lifetime, increased transparency and traceability, in-depth clinical
validation of AI tools, and AI training and education for both
clinicians and citizens.